Folkhälsovetenskapligt program.

ABSTRACTBackground and aims: Nutrition is a part of the medical treatment, and also a part of the nursingcare. In spite of this, malnutrition is a common problem in the health care sector. Studies show thatnurses have too little knowledge about nutrition and malnutrition and that nutrition has low priorityin the daily work. The aim with this study was to find out the nurses self-reported knowledge aboutand their attitudes towards malnutrition, nutrition screening, prevention and treatment of patientswith malnutrition.Methods: A questionnaire was handed out to 65 nurses in two different care units and 36questionnaires were answered.Results: The respondents from the two care units self-reported their knowledge about nutrition andmalnutrition low. Most of the respondents stated to have a big need of education about nutritionscreening and more than half of the respondents stated that they have a need of education forprevention and treatment of malnutrition.

ABSTRACTBackground and aims: Nutrition is a part of the medical treatment, and also a part of the nursingcare. In spite of this, malnutrition is a common problem in the health care sector. Studies show thatnurses have too little knowledge about nutrition and malnutrition and that nutrition has low priorityin the daily work. The aim with this study was to find out the nurses self-reported knowledge aboutand their attitudes towards malnutrition, nutrition screening, prevention and treatment of patientswith malnutrition.Methods: A questionnaire was handed out to 65 nurses in two different care units and 36questionnaires were answered.Results: The respondents from the two care units self-reported their knowledge about nutrition andmalnutrition low. Most of the respondents stated to have a big need of education about nutritionscreening and more than half of the respondents stated that they have a need of education forprevention and treatment of malnutrition.

The efficacy of screening for breast cancer with mammography has been a subject of controversy during the last decades. However, the general opinion is now that screening reduces mortality in breast cancer (Zackrisson, 2006). It is nevertheless important to weigh the efficacy against the harm and costs associated with screening. Cost-utility and cost-effectiveness analysis of screening have generally failed to incorporate side effects such as anxiety and discomfort related to screening tests and the following diagnostic tests (Gyrd-Hansen, 2000). This study seeks to include such side effects in a cost-utility analysis.

The process of drug discovery is very slow and expensive. There is a need for reliable in silico methods; however the performance of these methods differs.This work presents a targeted study on how the drug discovery methods used in OpenEye?s tools ROCS, EON and FRED perform on targets with small ligands. It was examined if 12 compounds (markers) somewhat similar to AMP could be detected by ROCS in a random data set comprised of 1000 compounds. It was also examined if EON could find any electrostatic similarities between the queries and the markers.

SammanfattningBakgrund:I Sverige finns 30 000 ? 40 000 personer med psykosdiagnos. Dessa är en utsatt grupp avseende metabola riskfaktorer, dels utifrån konsekvenser av sjukdomen, men också med anledning av den antipsykotiska medicineringen. Därför rekommenderas screening för metabola riskfaktorer i förebyggande syfte och för tidig upptäckt.Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka personals erfarenheter av hinder och framgångsfaktorer i screeningarbetet. Metod: Semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med 7 personal som arbetade med metabol screening på en psykiatrisk öppenvårdsmottagning.

This thesis investigated if a combination of increased under colour removal (decreasing the total ink limit), normal andincreased density and modern FM-screening could be used to provide a visually better print on uncoated and coated paperin comparison with AM-screening using the same conditions.Two different test groups (one with graphic background, the other with no graphic background) were asked to a visuallyassess the quality of the prints presented in a pair comparison using a reference image.The results show that the FM-screening did not obtain any significant visual difference in comparison with AM-screening,regardless of paper types and density levels. In general however, prints on coated paper were graded higher..

Sedan en tid tillbaka har en kommun i Stockholmsområdet infört motorisk screening för samtliga barn i förskoleklass. Syftet med föreliggande studie var att undersöka tio pedagogers uppfattningar och upplevelser av denna screening. Utifrån ett fenomenologiskt perspektiv genomfördes kvalitativa intervjuer som sedan analyserades. Resultatet visar att pedagoger upplever motorisk screening som meningsfull samt att de ser ett starkt samband mellan barns motoriska färdigheter och deras skolprestationer. Det framkommer även tydligt att pedagogerna i föreliggande studie delar kommunens strävan att det är betydelsefullt att tidigt upptäcka barn med motoriska svårigheter och erbjuda dem rätt stöd och åtgärder.

Att bli kallad till en screening kan uppfattas som ett hot eller en trygghet för kvinnorna. Hur kvinnan uppfattar sin situation kan bero på den kunskap hon har angående screening. Syftet med studien var att beskriva kvinnors uppfattning av screening såsom gynekologisk hälsokontroll och mammografi. Studien har genomförts som en litteraturstudie med hjälp av Granheim och Lundmans metod för kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Det är inte alltid så att screeningen mynnar i ett entydigt negativt svar eller ett svar som tyder på cancer.

Bröstcancer är den vanligaste dödsorsaken hos medelålders kvinnor i Sverige. Det går att upptäcka sjukdomen genom hälsoundersökningar med mammografi (screening) och påbörja behandling i tidigt skede för att förbättra prognosen och bibehålla livskvalitet. Cirka 600 000 kvinnor undersöks årligen med mammografi screening inom det nationella programmet. Dock är det mellan 13 % och 31 % kvinnor, som inte deltar i mammografiscreening. Effekten på dödligheten beror på deltagarfrekvensen, så därför är det viktigt att sträva efter att uppnå hög deltagande grad inom screening.

Att bli kallad till en screening kan uppfattas som ett hot eller en trygghet för kvinnorna. Hur kvinnan uppfattar sin situation kan bero på den kunskap hon har angående screening. Syftet med studien var att beskriva kvinnors uppfattning av screening såsom gynekologisk hälsokontroll och mammografi. Studien har genomförts som en litteraturstudie med hjälp av Granheim och Lundmans metod för kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Det är inte alltid så att screeningen mynnar i ett entydigt negativt svar eller ett svar som tyder på cancer.

Purpose: To assess awareness and attitudes regarding HPV, HPV-vaccines, use of condom and participation in pap-smear screening among high-school students in Uppsala County. The intention was also to investigate if there were any differences between students at theoretical programmes and vocational programmes.Methods: 608 students from seven high-schools in Uppsala County answered a questionnaire covering demographics, awareness and attitudes regarding HPV, HPV-vaccine, use of condoms and pap-smear tests.Results: A majority of the students had never heard of HPV (86 %, n=521), HPV-vaccine (94 %, n=537) or the link between HPV and cervical cancer (88 %, n=563). Most respondents had a positive attitude towards HPV-vaccine (84 %, n=508), but the biggest obstacle was the high cost (37 %, n=227). The students believed that it was less likely that they would use a condom with a new partner if vaccinated (mean=78, SD=26, p<0.001), or if they or their partner used contraceptive pills (mean=62, SD=32, p<0.001) compared to how likely it was that they would use a condom in general with a new partner. The girls rated the probability that they would participate in a pap-smear screening as relatively low if vaccinated (mean=59 SD=27).

The aim of this study was to identify possible reasons for non-attendance related to mammographic screening. Using qualitative methods, sex women underwent a semi-structured interview on the following themes: social background, medical history, mammographic screening, invitation, and final decision.Social background was described using the "life-form theory". The concepts of illness, disease, and sickness were used in order to investigate medical conditions and their impact. The process of non-attendance was studied using a model by Zovko, balancing different needs affecting decisions and final action.According to their decision, and final action, women were defined as "participants", "passive non-attenders" or "active non-attenders". Most women belonged to the life-form "paid work" and had children.

The report describes an ecodesign thesis performed by the author at the ÅF EcoDesign Center. The basic idea of ecodesign is to develop products with a minimized environmental load, without neglecting other significant product aspects such as function and price. During the last couple of years the public interest in environmental friendly products has increased, which has made it possible for companies to make a profit from their investments in ecodesign. To meet the increasing market for ecodesign services ÅF started the ÅF EcoDesign Center, where the company has gathered all of their competence in ecodesign in order to help companies to become greener. The task was to develop a tool for an Eco Screening.

ESTER-screening är ett frågeformulär som syftar till att finna individer med, eller i risk för utveckling av ett normbrytande beteende. Uppsatsen syftar till att finna reda på ESTER-screenings konvergenta validitet gentemot andra screeningverktyg avsedda att mäta samma sak. Detta har gjorts i en undersökning med hjälp av självrapportering i enkäter. 227 försökspersoner, 15-18 år, användes i undersökningen. Resultatet visar att ESTER-screening kan användas som självrapport och att det finns en konvergent validitet jämfört med tidigare forskning och screeninginstrument.